In the USA, the average intake of permethrin by an adult is estimated to be about 3
• The review
Non-specific binding and the activity of the enzymes involved in permethrin's metabolism (cytochromes P450 and carboxylesterases) were quantified
The widespread exposure of the populations has been confirmed by the detection of the urinary metabolites of permethrin in biomonitoring studies
Biomonitoring of exposure to the insecticide permethrin is usually performed by analysis of its urinary metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) or cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)
To estimate the metabolic profile of trans-permethrin in humans, a comparison of the in vitro metabolism of trans-permethrin in humans and rats was
Permethrin is metabolized in the liver, where it undergoes oxidation by the cytochrome P450 system, as well as hydrolysis into various metabolites [ 9 ]
Some of those effects are tremors, salivation, paresthesia, splayed gait
The 3-PBA and Cl 2 CA beta-glucuronide metabolites of permethrin have been successfully chemically and enzymatically synthesized
However, in a review of 573 cases of acute pyrethroid poisonings of humans in China (229 occupational and 344 accidental; cases mainly involved deltamethrin (325), fenvalerate (196), and cypermethrin (45)), the initial symptoms from
trans-Permethrin was much more effectively hydrolyzed than the cis-isomer
05 for
Plasma membrane fluidity, polarity, lipid, and protein oxidation were studied in isolated rat heart cells
to calculate the absorbed permethrin dosage
According to the toxicokinetic properties and the target organs for toxicity of permethrin, the following fluids, organs or tissues were of interest: whole blood, red blood cell, plasma, brain, fat, testes, liver, kidney, muscle and faeces
Strain ZH-14 was grown in 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask with 50 mL of sterilized MSM containing different concentrations of permethrin (50, 100, and 200 mg·L −1) as the sole source of carbon and energy at 30°C and 180 rpm for 72 h
Further study showed that permethrin significantly promoted fatty acid synthesis, while suppressed lipid oxidation-related genes only under steatosis conditions
Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate differences (P < 0
Two case-control studies of childhood leukemia reported an association with biological markers of permethrin metabolites; in another study self-reported exposure to permethrin was associated with risk in children below 1 year of age, but not in older children
However, since topical permethrin is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine as inactive metabolites, there does not appear to be an Permethrin is widely used in agriculture and, although its mechanism of action, interaction with the sodium channel in nerve membranes, is similar to that of DDT, it is not persistent in vivo or in the environment